Novgorod, also known as Veliky Novgorod ("Novgorod the Great"),
is one of the oldest Russian cities. The chronicles mention Novgorod for the
first time in the year 859. During the Middle Ages Novgorod was an important
commercial center and an independent city-state with a democratic rule advanced
for Its time, Today Novgorod is a unique open-air museum Its Kremlin, built
in the 11th century, is Russia's oldest surviving structure of its kind. Novgorod's
11 th century Cathedral of St. Sofia is the of the earliest stone churches
in Russia. A monument commemorating the 1000-year annivesary of the Russian
State was built within Novgorod Kremlin in the mid-19th century.
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